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罗伯特·布莱

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创建页面,内容为“{{noteTA |T=zh-cn:罗伯特·布莱; |1=zh-cn:罗伯特·勃莱; }} {{refimprove|date=2012年6月}} File:Poetry Out Loud MN finals 27.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Bly at…”
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|T=zh-cn:罗伯特·布莱;
|1=zh-cn:罗伯特·勃莱;
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{{refimprove|date=2012年6月}}
[[File:Poetry Out Loud MN finals 27.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Bly at the "Poetry Out Loud" finals, [[Minnesota]] 2009]]

'''罗伯特·布莱'''({{lang-en|Robert Bly}},{{bd|1926年|12月23日||}}),是一位美国诗人、作家、活动家,他最著名的《上帝之肋:一部男人的文化史》(1990)<ref name=brit>{{cite web |title=Iron John: A Book About Men |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/294469/Iron-John-A-Book-About-Men |date= |publisher=[[Britannica.com]] }}</ref>一度在[[纽约时报畅销书榜]]<ref>{{cite news |title=What Do Men Want? A Reading List For the Male Identity Crisis|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/09/books/what-do-men-want-a-reading-list-for-the-male-identity-crisis.html |author=Richard A. Shweder|authorlink=Richard Shweder|publisher=[[New York Times]] |date=January 9, 1994 }}</ref>登榜达62周。而他的《身体周围的光》也获得1968年度诗歌领域[[美国国家图书奖]]<ref name=nba1968/>。

==个人生活==
罗伯特·布莱出生在美国[[拉基帕尔县 (明尼苏达州)]],父母雅各布·布莱和爱丽丝·布莱都拥有[[挪威人|挪威]]血统。<ref name="johnsen">{{cite web| last =Johnsen| first =Bill| coauthors =| title =The Natural World is a Spiritual House| work =Colloquium on Violence and Religion Annual Conference 2004| pages =| publisher =Girardian Reflections on the Lectionary| url =http://girardianlectionary.net/covr2004/BJohnsenpaper.pdf| accessdate =2007-04-30| format =PDF| date =June 2004| deadurl =yes| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070704074252/http://girardianlectionary.net/covr2004/BJohnsenpaper.pdf| archivedate =2007-07-04}}</ref>在1944年高中毕业后,他应征加入美国海军,服役两年。 在[[明尼苏达州]]的圣奥拉夫学院学习一年后,他转院到[[哈佛大学]],并加入到当时著名的作家群体,包括唐纳德·豪尔,[[艾德丽安·里奇]],肯尼斯·柯克,弗兰克。奥哈拉,[[约翰·阿什伯里]],哈罗德·布洛基,乔治·普利姆顿和约翰·霍克斯(小说家)。1950年毕业后,他继续在纽约过了几年。

从1954年开始,布莱在[[爱荷华大学]]的爱荷华作家工作室花了两年时间,与W.D.斯诺德格拉斯、唐纳德·杰思惕斯等人一道完成了美术学硕士学位。1956年,他接受[[福布莱特计划]]去[[挪威]]旅行并翻译挪威诗歌。在那里,他不仅找到了他的亲戚,也知晓了一些在美国鲜为人知的主要诗人,其中有[[巴勃罗·聂鲁达]]、[[塞萨尔·巴列霍]]、[[安东尼奥·马查多]]、古纳·埃克勒夫、[[格奥尔格·特拉克尔]]、[[鲁米]]、[[哈菲兹 (诗人)|哈菲兹]]、卡比尔、米拉以及[[哈里·马丁松]]。然后便决定在美国办一本诗歌翻译类的文学杂志。他通过《五十年代》、《六十年代》、《七十年代》把许多这样的诗人介绍给了他这一代的作家。

在此期间,布莱与他的妻子和孩子们居住在明尼苏达州的一个农场。他的第一任妻子是备受赞誉的短篇小说家卡罗尔·布莱。他们生了四个孩子,其中包括玛丽·布莱——一位畅销小说家和[[福坦莫大学]]文学教授。他们于1979年离婚。1980年,布莱与露丝·布莱结婚<ref name="johnsen"/>,这次婚姻他有了一个继子和一个继女,但这个继子死于一次在徒步旅行途中的火车事故。

==事业生涯==
布莱的早期的诗歌集《沉默在雪地》出版于1962年,它的朴素、意象主义的风格相当大地影响了接下来20年的美国诗歌<ref>Gioia, Mason, and Schoerke, editors. ''Twentieth-Century American Poetics''. p260.</ref>。次年,他出版了随笔《美国诗歌的错误转向》,批评[[T·S·艾略特]],[[艾兹拉·庞德]],[[玛丽安·穆尔]],[[威廉·卡洛斯·威廉姆斯]]的影响,并赞誉诸如[[巴勃罗·聂鲁达]],[[塞萨尔·巴列霍]],[[胡安·拉蒙·希梅内斯]],[[安東尼奧·馬查多]]以及[[里尔克]]等作家。

1966年,布莱与人共同创立了“美国作家反越战”组织,并且多次号召作家们反对越战。1968年,他签署了“作家与编辑的反战争税”承诺,誓言在抗议反战中拒绝纳税<ref>"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest". ''New York Post'', January 30, 1968.</ref> 。当他以《身体周围的光》<ref name=nba1968>[http://www.nationalbook.org/nba1968.html "National Book Awards – 1968"]. [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved 2012-03-03. <br/>(With acceptance speech by Bly and essay by Patrick Rosal from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref>获得[[美国国家图书奖]]时,他捐出了这笔奖金。60年代,他极大地帮助了印度加尔各答孟加拉人中“饥饿的一代”反建制运动中的诗人。70年代,他出版了11本诗歌、随笔和译作。80年代,他出版了《在两个世界爱一个女人》。

也许他最著名的文学作品是《上帝之肋:一部男人的文化史》(1990),这是一部被翻译成多种语言的国际性畅销作品。

布莱是[[明尼苏达大学]]图书馆2002年的杰出作家。是2000年麦克奈特基金会杰出艺术家奖度以及莫里斯英语诗歌奖2002年获得者。他已经发表了四十多本诗集,他的诗歌与散文也被翻译成诸如[[瑞典语]]、[[挪威语]]、[[德语]]、[[西班牙语]]、[[波斯语]]和[[乌尔都语]]。他的《亚伯拉罕对星辰呼喊之夜》被提名明尼苏达图书奖。

2006年,[[明尼苏达大学]]从大学基金和私人捐赠中斥资775,000美元购买了布莱的档案文件,包含80000多页的手写手稿;跨越近50年的日记;“晨诗”笔记;翻译草稿;数百份录音与录像带,以及与多位作家的通信函件,诸如詹姆斯·赖特、唐纳德·豪尔、詹姆斯·迪克等。这些档案被收藏在明尼苏达大学的埃尔默·L·安徒生图书馆。

2008年2月,布莱被任命为明尼苏达第一位[[桂冠诗人]]<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/01/arts/01arts-APOETLAUREAT_BRF.html?ref=arts|title=A Poet Laureate for Minnesota|publisher=The New York Times|date=2008-03-01|accessdate=2008-03-02}}</ref>。

==作品==
{{refbegin|2}}

===诗歌集===
*Talking into the Ear of a Donkey: Poems (W. W. Norton & Company, 2011)
*Turkish Pears in August: Twenty-Four Ramages (Eastern Washington University, 2007)
*The Urge to Travel Long Distances (Eastern Washington University Press, 2005)
*My Sentence Was a Thousand Years of Joy (HarperCollins, 2005)
*Surprised by Evening (RealNewMusic, 2005)
*The Night Abraham Called to the Stars (HarperCollins, 2001)
*Eating the Honey of Words: New and Selected Poems (1999)
*Snowbanks North of the House (1999)
*Morning Poems (1997)
*Meditations on the Insatiable Soul (1994)
*What Have I Ever Lost by Dying?: Collected Prose Poems (1992)
*Loving a Woman in Two Worlds (1985)
*Selected Poems (1986)
*Mirabai Versions (1984)
*The Man in the Black Coat Turns (1981)
*This Tree Will Be Here for a Thousand Years (1979)
*This Body is Made of Camphor and Gopherwood (1977)
*Old Man Rubbing His Eyes (1974)
*Jumping Out of Bed (1973)
*Sleepers Joining Hands (1973)
*The Light Around the Body (1967) — [[National Book Award]]<ref name=nba1968/>
*The Lion's Tail and Eyes (1962)
*Silence in the Snowy Fields (1962)

===翻译作品===
{{clarification needed|date=March 2012}}<!-- revised from "Translations collections" which is clumsy. "Poetry translations" may be better; rearrangement may help if all except ''Hunger'' are poetry. See Talk-->

*''The Dream We Carry: Selected and Last Poems of Olav H. Hauge'', translators Bly and Robert Hedin ([[Copper Canyon Press]], 2008)
*''Peer Gynt'' (2008) — verse play by [[Henrik Ibsen]]
*''Kabir: Ecstatic Poems'' ([[Beacon Press]], 2004)
*''Mirabai: Ecstatic Poems'', translators Bly and Jane Hirshfield ([[Beacon Press]], 2004)
*''The Winged Energy of Delight: Selected Translations'' ([[HarperCollins]], 2004)
*''The Half-Finished Heaven: The Best Poems of Tomas Tranströmer'' ([[Graywolf Press]], 2001)
*''The Lightning Should Have Fallen on Ghalib'', translators Bly and Sunil Dutta (1999)
*''Lorca and Jiménez: Selected Poems'' ([[Beacon Press]], (1997)
*''Ten Poems of Francis Ponge Translated by Robert Bly & Ten Poems of Robert Bly Inspired by the Poems of Francis Ponge'' (1990)
*''Trusting Your Life to Water and Eternity: Twenty Poems of Olav H. Hauge'' (1987)
*''Machado's Times Alone: Selected Poems'' (1983)
*''The Kabir Book'' (1977)
*''Friends, You Drank Some Darkness: Three Swedish Poets: Martinson, Ekeloef, and Transtromer'' (1975)
*''Neruda and Vallejo: Selected Poems'' (1971)
*''[[Hunger (novel)|Hunger]]'' (1967) — novel by Knut Hamsun
*''Selected Poems of Rainer Maria Rilke: A Translation from the German and Commentary by Robert Bly'' (1981)

===编辑的诗选===
*''The Best American Poetry'' (1999)
*''The Soul Is Here for Its Own Joy: Sacred Poems from Many Cultures'', [[Ecco Press]] (1995)
*''The Darkness Around Us Is Deep: Selected Poems of William Stafford'' (1993)
*''The Rag and Bone Shop of the Heart: Poems for Men'' (1992)
*''News of the Universe'' (1980)
*''Leaping Poetry'' (1975)
*''A Poetry Reading Against the Vietnam War'' (1967)

===非小说类文学作品===
*''Remembering James Wright'' (2005)
*''The Maiden King : The Reunion of Masculine and Feminine'', Bly and Marion Woodman ([[Henry Holt and Company|Henry Holt & Co]], 1998)
*''[[The Sibling Society]]'' ([[Addison-Wesley]], 1996)
*''The Spirit Boy and the Insatiable Soul'' (1994)
*''American Poetry: Wildness and Domesticity'' (1991)
*''[[Iron John: A Book About Men]]'' (1990)
*''A Little Book on the Human Shadow'', Bly and William Booth (1988)
*''Eight Stages of Translation'' (1983)
*''Talking All Morning: Collected Conversations and Interviews'' (1980)
{{refend}}

==相关条目==
*[[Religion and mythology]]
*[[Joseph Campbell]]
*[[Mythopoetic men's movement|Mythopoetic Men's Movement]]

==注释==
{{Reflist}}

==外部链接==
* [http://www.robertbly.com/ The Robert Bly Web Site]
* [http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=653 Profile and poems of Bly] at [[Poetry Foundation]]
* [http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/280 Robert Bly profile] at [[Academy of American Poets]]
;访谈
* {{cite journal| url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/729/the-art-of-poetry-no-79-robert-bly | title=Robert Bly, The Art of Poetry No. 79| work=[[Paris Review]]| date=Spring 2000| author=Francis Quinn }}
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3145952730483171546 Bill Moyers talks with Poet Robert Bly] ([http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/08312007/transcript1.html Transcript]) at [[PBS]]
* [http://www.menweb.org/bly-iv.htm MenWeb - Men's Issues Interview with Robert Bly]
; 作品集
* [http://openvault.wgbh.org/ntw/MLA000010/index.html: "Robert Bly reads 'Loon's Cry' "]{{dead link|date=2018年4月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} for the WGBH series, New Television Workshop
* [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/bios/robert_bly/search?contributorName=Robert+Bly Robert Bly] at [[The New Yorker]]
* [http://www.english.illinois.edu/MAPS/poets/a_f/bly/bly.htm Modern American Poetry] critical essays on Bly's works. University of Illinois
* [http://www.archive.org/details/The_Human_Shadow ''The Human Shadow''] and other essays, articles and interviews by Robert Bly. Audio.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140222074648/http://www.beacon.org/contributorinfo.cfm?ContribID=1643 Robert Bly] translations published by Beacon Press.

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bly, Robert}}
[[Category:美国诗人]]
[[Category:美国反越战人士]]
[[Category:美国反伊拉克战争人士]]
[[Category:挪威裔美国人]]
[[Category:哈佛大学校友]]
[[Category:美国翻译家]]
[[Category:明尼蘇達州人]]
[[Category:傅爾布萊特學者]]
[[Category:国家图书奖得主]]
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