麻风树查看源代码讨论查看历史
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中文名:麻风树 拉丁学名:Jatropha curcas L. 界:植物界 科:大戟科 属:野桐属 种:麻风树 |
麻风树(má fēng shù)，拉丁学名：Jatropha curcas L.，俗名：芙蓉树、小桐子、臭油桐、膏桐、麻疯树，异名：Manihot curcas ，别名 ：佛肚树， Jatropha podagrica ，是大戟科、野桐属 灌木或乔木植物，灌木或小乔木，高2-5米，具水状液汁，树皮平滑；枝条苍灰色，无毛，疏生突起皮孔，髓部大。叶纸质，近圆形至卵圆形，长7-18厘米，宽6-16厘米，顶端短尖，基部心形，全缘或3-5浅裂，上面亮绿色，无毛，下面灰绿色，初沿脉被微柔毛，后变无毛；福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、贵州、四川、云南等省区有栽培或少量逸为野生。 [1]
形态特征
灌木或小乔木，高2-5米，具水状液汁，树皮平滑；枝条苍灰色，无毛，疏生突起皮孔，髓部大。叶纸质，近圆形至卵圆形，长7-18厘米，宽6-16厘米，顶端短尖，基部心形，全缘或3-5浅裂，上面亮绿色，无毛，下面灰绿色，初沿脉被微柔毛，后变无毛；掌状脉5-7；叶柄长6-18厘米；托叶小。花序腋生，长6-10厘米，苞片披针形，长4-8毫米；雄花：萼片5枚，长约4毫米，基部合生；花瓣长圆形，黄绿色，长约6毫米，合生至中部，内面被毛；腺体5枚，近圆柱状；雄蕊10枚，外轮5枚离生，内轮花丝下部合生；雌花：花梗花后伸长；萼片离生，花后长约6毫米；花瓣和腺体与雄花同；子房3室，无毛，花柱顶端2裂。蒴果椭圆状或球形，长2.5 -3厘米，黄色；种子椭圆状，长1.5-2厘米，黑色。花期9-10月。
Shrubs or treelets, 2-5 m tall, with watery latex; bark smooth; branches glaucous-gray, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate, pith larger. Stipules small; petioles 6-18 cm; leaf blade rotund to ovate, 7-18 × 6-16 cm, papery, nitid green and glabrous adaxially, gray-green and along nerves puberulent to glabrous abaxially, base cordate, apex acute; palmate veins 5-7. Inflorescences axillary, 6-10 cm; bracts lanceolate, 4-8 mm.
Male flowers: sepals 5, ca. 4 mm, connate at base; petals oblong, green-yellow, ca. 6 mm, connate to middle, hairy inside; disk glands 5, nearly terete; stamens 10; outer 5 filaments free, inner filaments connate in lower part.
Female flowers: pedicels elongate; sepals free, ca. 6 mm; petals and disk glands as in male; ovary 3-locular, glabrous; styles bifid at apex. Capsules ellipsoidal or globose, 2.5-3 cm, yellow. Seeds ellipsoidal, 1.5-2 cm, black. Fl. Sep-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec.
Cultivated for medicine. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [native to tropical America; widely introduced].
Jatropha curcas seeds are the source of curcas oil, a very powerful purgative, also used for making candles and soap, for lighting, and as a lubricant. There is interest in the oil as a biofuel crop for areas too dry for normal crops. The bark is used as medicine for lepriasis (leprosy), itchy skin, eczema, chronic ulcers, etc.
分类文献
Jatropha curcas L. Sp.Pl. 1006. 1753; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 309. 1861; Muell.Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 1080. 1866; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. 42 (IV. 147. I) 77. 1910; Gagnep. in Lee.. Gen.. Indo-Chine 5: 324, 1. 33. 3-6. 1925; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学609, 图506. 1937; 广州植物志273. 1956; 海南植物志2: 172,图387-1965;中国高等植物图鉴2: 610,图2950-1972; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26: 283. 1972.
产地生境
原产美洲热带；现广布于全球热带地区。我国福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西、贵州、四川、云南等省区有栽培或少量逸为野生。
种子含油量高，油供工业或医药用。